Figure 1: view at the Onze Lieve Vrouwekerk, seen from the west, in 2015. Source: Wikiwand OLV-plein; Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 nl; license CC BY-SA 3.0 nl; Credit: Promeneuse7.
Figure 2: The Onze Lieve Vrouweplein als parking space in the nineteen seventies. Source: Wikiwand OLV-plein; copyright Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed, 20382953, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0; license CC BY-SA 4.0.
Figure 3: pen drawing of the Onze Lieve Vrouwekerk and the Saint Nicholaskerk, made by Jan de Beyer in 1740. Jan de Beyer (1703/Aarau (Sw.) -1780/Emmerik) visited Maastricht in 1740. He was an outsider and had a sharp documenting eye. Source: Wikiwand OLV-plein; copyright Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed, 20147066, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0; license CC BY-SA 4.0; photograph of this drawing by G de Hoog.
Figure 4: the plan of L’archer-d’Aubencourt from 1749, which forms the base of the later 3D-model. On the current square graves are visible around both churches. Source: Gemeente Maastricht-Flexinext/ Regionaal Historisch Centrum Limburg.
Figure 5: the model of Maastricht as it was photographed during the cleanup in 2018 in Lille (France). Only the center part of the model was available, so many detailed photographs could be made. Source: copyright Gemeente Maastricht/E. Wetzels – 2018.
Figure 6: the model seen from the ‘open‘ side view. Source: copyright Gemeente Maastricht/E. Wetzels – 2018.
Figure 7: a birds eye view shows what Maastricht looked like in 1748. Source: copyright Gemeente Maastricht/E. Wetzels – 2018.
Figure 8: the Onze Lieve Vrouweplein by painter Alexander Schaepkens. The painting shows the Onze lieve Vrouwekerk in bad condition, but a very neat Saint Nicholas Church. The latter was torn down in 1838, after the Onze Lieve Vrouwekerk was restored and taken into religious service again. A. Schaepkens lived from 1815 until 1899. Source: Wikipedia, public domain, collection Bonnefantenmuseum Maastricht, object number 1000955 (institutional loan 1886, LGOG).
Figure 9: demolition of the Saint Nicholas Church in 1838, drawing by Alexander Schaepkens. Source: Wikipedia; public domain.
Figure 10: drawing of canon graves by Philippus van Gulpen (1792-1862). Source: Wikipedia OLV-kapittel; Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0; license CC BY-SA 4.0, drie tekeningen van Philippus van Gulpen (ca 1840), collage samengesteld door Kleon3.
Figure 11: the 14 houses of the chapter of Our lady were situated in a semi circle circle around the two churches dedicated to Our Lady and to Saint Nicholas kapittel. Source: part of the socalled Sotiau-map of 1823, copyright Collectie RHCL Maastricht, Kadaster Limburg, edited by E. Wetzels – 2023.
Figure 12: Claustral house nr. 4 marked in the red circle. Part of the model 1748, around the Onze Lieve Vrouweplein. Source: copyright Gemeente Maastricht/E. Wetzels – 2018.
Figure 13: the small mortuary of Onze Lieve Vrouweplein 20, former claustral house nr. 5. Source: Wikimedia Commons, author: Otter.
Figure 14: the Onze Lieve Vrouweplein in Christmas setting in 2014. Source: Wikiwand OLV-plein; Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0; license CC BY-SA 4.0, eigen werk Kleon3, 2014.
Figure 15: the Onze Lieve Vrouweplein as parking lot in the seventies. Source: Wikiwand OLV-plein; copyright Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed, 20382953, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0; license CC BY-SA 4.0.
Figure 16: In 1970 the square was still a flower and shrubbery bed. Source: tripadvisor/Comedie, no original origine known.
Figure 17: the Onze Lieve Vrouweplein in 1917. Source: Rijksmonumenten.nl/RCE 20146445.
Figure 18: the walled former graveyard with cannon carriages around 1740. Source: Foto_van_tekening_kerk_-_Maastricht_Jan de Beijer 1740 -_20147066_-_RCE door G. de Hoog.
Figure 19: the graveyard as drawn on the measurement drawing from 1749. Source: part of figure 4, OLV-plein,_Maastricht,_1749,_ minuutplan_LarcherDAubencourt RHCL Gemeente Maastricht.
Figure 20: Hermenieke Veur de Bok zun Kloete plays a carnival song during carnival 2022. Source: Hermenie Veur de Bok zun Kloete; recording Kevin Amendt, carnaval 2022.
Figure 21: Maastricht has three public squares. Plan of Maastricht as printed and published by Braun en Hogenberg around 1580. Edited by E. Wetzels.
Figure 22: image of the holy bishop Lambertus of Maastricht, who gave his name to the Lambertians. Source: https://www.verhaleninglasinlood.nl/maren_kessel_lambertus/cultus.html
Figure 23: portrait of general Dibbets. Source: Wikipedia, photo of painting; photo by Theodore Schaepkens - https://rkd.nl/nl/explore/images/211502, Publiek domein, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4900478
Figure 24: in Maastricht some people still prefer the French banner above the Dutch one. Here the situation at the Brandenburgerweg 1-3. Photo: E. Wetzels, 2014.
Figure 25: an assignat. Source: collection E. Wetzels
Figure 26: painting by Alexander Schaepkens, 1837. Source: Wikipedia, public domain, collectie Bonnefantenmuseum Maastricht, objectnummer 1000957 (institutional loan 1886, LGOG).
Figures 27-37: shown is an extract of the plan of L’archer-d’Aubencourt from 1749, which was used fort he model 1749-1752. On this plan the location of the different streets is marked. Source: Gemeente Maastricht-Flexinext/ Regionaal Historisch Centrum Limburg, edited by E. Wetzels.
Figure 38: the richly decorated stucco interior of the house Grote Stokstraat 21, in 1934. Source: RHCL Beeldbank GAM 25963.
Figure 39: busy merchandise and inhabitants in the Grote Stokstraat in 1933, to the left the Morenstraat. Source: RHCL beeldbank GAM 18940.
Figure 40: empty houses in 1959 in the Stokstraat, ready to be torn down. To the left the Plankstraat 9housenumber 13). Source: RHCL beeldbank GAM 25934 (13-05-1959).
Figure 41: in 1983, numerous remains of the city's Roman and medieval past were found during the excavation under the Hotel Derlon. Source: gemeente Maastricht, archief cultureel erfgoed.
Figure 42: reconstruction of Roman Maastricht in the first centuries of the era: a strip-like settlement with a sanctuary, thermal baths and inns. Source: Bron: gemeente Maastricht, archief cultureel erfgoed, drawing: I. Sips. 1983.
Figure 43: the ET-Patfinder, a testing facility for the future Einstein Telescope is being build in Maastricht. Source: https://www.etpathfinder.eu
Figure 44: silhouet of the town, by Simon the Bellomonte (1535-1615); hij was priest and chapelain of the chapter of Saint Servatius. Hij made many drawings and plans, this one of Maastricht around 1580. Source: public domain.
Figure 45: How the Onze Lieve Vrouweplein looks from a south-west vantage point. Photo: K. Gillikin Schoueri, 2023.
Figure 46: The Hondertmarck as it looks today. Photo: K. Gillikin Schoueri, 2023.
Figure 47: View of the Bernardusstraat looking towards the north. Photo: K. Gillikin Schoueri, 2023.
Figure 48: View of the Graanmarkt from a south-east vantage point. Photo: K. Gillikin Schoueri, 2023.
Figure 49: View of the Stokstraat looking towards the north. Photo: K. Gillikin Schoueri, 2023.
Figure 50: View of the Plankstraat looking towards the west. Photo: K. Gillikin Schoueri, 2023.
Figure 51: View of the Wolfstraat looking towards the north. Photo: K. Gillikin Schoueri, 2023.
Figure 52: View of the Bredestraat looking towards the east. Photo: K. Gillikin Schoueri, 2023.
Figure 53: View of the Cortenstraat looking towards the east. Photo: K. Gillikin Schoueri, 2023.
Figure 54: View of the Koestraat looking towards the south. Photo: K. Gillikin Schoueri, 2023.